问题描述
我想在 GUI 上显示我的程序的实时"输出(其中打印的所有内容).我如何访问我的输出?以及在文本框中显示它的正确方法是什么?
I would like to display my program's "live" output on GUI (all what printed in it). how can i access to my output? and what the right way to display it for example in text box?
我错在哪里?(我希望hello world"出现在文本框中.(Test2 是正在运行的程序))
edited: where am i wrong? (I would like that the "hello world" to appear inside the text box. (Test2 is the running program))
from tkinter import *
from subprocess import *
print("Hello world")
def func():
proc = Popen("Test2.py", stdout=PIPE, shell=True)
proc = proc.communicate()
output.insert(END, proc)
Master = Tk()
Check = Button(Master, text="Display output", command=func)
Quit = Button(Master, text="Exit", fg="red", command=Master.quit)
output = Text(Master, width=40, height=8)
Check.pack(padx=20, pady=8)
Quit.pack(padx=20, pady=18)
output.pack()
Master.mainloop()
推荐答案
我在对 <a href="https://的回答中花时间调试和修改了 errorwindow.py 模块stackoverflow.com/a/18091356/355230" target="_blank">另一个问题，因此它可以在 Python 2 和 3 中使用 - 链接答案中的代码是为 Python 2.x 编写的.请注意，我只做了使其在两个版本下正常运行所需的最低限度.该脚本的修改版本已命名为 errorwindow3k.py(尽管它也适用于 Python 2).
I took the time to debug and modify the errorwindow.py module in my answer to another question so it will work in both Python 2 and 3—the code in the linked answer was written for Python 2.x. Note I only did the minimum necessary to get it functioning under the two versions. The modified version of the script has been named errorwindow3k.py (despite that fact it also works in Python 2).
大多数问题都只是由于模块重命名，但更难弄清楚是由于切换到 Unicode 字符串是版本 3 中的默认字符串类型——显然(在Windows 无论如何)，进程之间的管道是字节流，而不是 Unicode 字符.幸运的是修复"解码然后编码另一端的数据在 Python 2 中也没有什么坏处，这使得纠正问题变得相当容易.
The majority of the issues were simply due to module renaming, however there was a harder one to figure-out that turned-out was due to the switch to Unicode strings being the default string-type in version 3—apparently (on Windows anyway), pipes between processes are byte-streams, not Unicode characters. Fortunately the "fix" of decoding and then encoding the data on the other side also doesn't hurt in Python 2 which made correcting the problem fairly easy.
这个好处是使用起来非常简单.只需 import 它，从那时起发送到 sys.stderr 或 sys.stdout 的任何输出都将导致 tkinter-based 输出窗口根据需要出现以显示信息.在您的示例代码中，只需在 print("Hello world") 之前的某处插入 import errorwindow3k.
This nice thing is that using it is very easy. Just import it and from that point on any output sent to either sys.stderr or sys.stdout will cause tkinter-based output windows to appear as needed to display the information. In your sample code just insert import errorwindow3k somewhere before the print("Hello world").
文件errorwindow3k.py:
File errorwindow3k.py:
# Code derived from Bryan Olson's source posted in this related Usenet discussion:
# https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.lang.python/HWPhLhXKUos/TpFeWxEE9nsJ
# https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.lang.python/HWPhLhXKUos/eEHYAl4dH9YJ
#
# See the comments and doc string below.
#
# Here's a module to show stderr output from console-less Python
# apps, and stay out of the way otherwise. I plan to make a ASPN
# recipe of it, but I thought I'd run it by this group first.
#
# To use it, import the module. That's it. Upon import it will
# assign sys.stderr.
#
# In the normal case, your code is perfect so nothing ever gets
# written to stderr, and the module won't do much of anything.
# Upon the first write to stderr, if any, the module will launch a
# new process, and that process will show the stderr output in a
# window. The window will live until dismissed; I hate, hate, hate
# those vanishing-consoles-with-critical-information.
#
# The code shows some arguably-cool tricks. To fit everthing in
# one file, the module runs the Python interpreter on itself; it
# uses the "if __name__ == '__main__'" idiom to behave radically
# differently upon import versus direct execution. It uses tkinter
# for the window, but that's in a new process; it does not import
# tkinter into your application.
#
# To try it out, save it to a file -- I call it "errorwindow.py" -
# - and import it into some subsequently-incorrect code. For
# example:
#
# import errorwindow
#
# a = 3 + 1 + nonesuchdefined
#
# should cause a window to appear, showing the traceback of a
# Python NameError.
#
# --
# --Bryan
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
#
# martineau - Modified to use subprocess.Popen instead of the os.popen
# which has been deprecated since Py 2.6. Changed so it
# redirects both stdout and stderr. Added numerous
# comments, and also inserted double quotes around paths
# in case they have embedded space characters in them, as
# they did on my Windows system.
#
# Recently updated it to work in both Python 2 and Python 3.
"""
Import this module into graphical Python apps to provide a
sys.stderr. No functions to call, just import it. It uses
only facilities in the Python standard distribution.
If nothing is ever written to stderr, then the module just
sits there and stays out of your face. Upon write to stderr,
it launches a new process, piping it error stream. The new
process throws up a window showing the error messages.
"""
import subprocess
import sys
try:
import thread
except ModuleNotFoundError: # Python 3
import _thread as thread
import os
EXC_INFO_FILENAME = 'exc_info.txt'
if __name__ == '__main__': # When spawned as separate process.
# create window in which to display output
# then copy stdin to the window until EOF
# will happen when output is sent to each OutputPipe created
try:
from Tkinter import BOTH, END, Frame, Text, TOP, YES
import tkFont
import Queue
except ModuleNotFoundError: # Python 3
from tkinter import BOTH, END, Frame, Text, TOP, YES
import tkinter.font as tkFont
import queue as Queue
Q_EMPTY = Queue.Empty # An exception class.
queue = Queue.Queue(1000) # FIFO
def read_stdin(app, bufsize=4096):
fd = sys.stdin.fileno() # File descriptor for os.read() calls.
read = os.read
put = queue.put
while True:
put(read(fd, bufsize))
class Application(Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None, font_size=8, text_color='#0000AA', rows=25, cols=100):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
# Create title based on the arguments passed to the spawned script:
# argv[0]: name of this script (ignored)
# argv[1]: name of script that imported this module
# argv[2]: name of redirected stream (optional)
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
title = "Output stream from unknown source"
elif len(sys.argv) < 3:
title = "Output stream from %s" % (sys.argv[1],)
else: # Assume it's a least 3.
title = "Output stream '%s' from %s" % (sys.argv[2], sys.argv[1])
self.master.title(title)
self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=YES)
font = tkFont.Font(family='Courier', size=font_size)
width = font.measure(' ' * (cols+1))
height = font.metrics('linespace') * (rows+1)
self.configure(width=width, height=height)
self.pack_propagate(0) # Force frame to be configured size.
self.logwidget = Text(self, font=font)
self.logwidget.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=YES)
# Disallow key entry, but allow text copying with <Control-c>
self.logwidget.bind('<Key>', lambda x: 'break')
self.logwidget.bind('<Control-c>', lambda x: None)
self.logwidget.configure(foreground=text_color)
self.logwidget.insert(END, '==== Start of Output Stream ====
')
self.logwidget.see(END)
self.after(200, self.start_thread) # Start queue polling thread.
def start_thread(self):
thread.start_new_thread(read_stdin, (self,))
self.after(200, self.check_q)
def check_q(self):
log = self.logwidget
log_insert = log.insert
log_see = log.see
queue_get_nowait = queue.get_nowait
go = True
while go:
try:
data = queue_get_nowait().decode() # Must decode for Python 3.
if not data:
data = '[EOF]'
go = False
log_insert(END, data)
log_see(END)
except Q_EMPTY:
self.after(200, self.check_q)
go = False
app = Application()
app.mainloop()
else: # when module is first imported
import traceback
class OutputPipe(object):
def __init__(self, name=''):
self.lock = thread.allocate_lock()
self.name = name
def flush(self): # no-op.
pass
def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr == 'pipe': # Attribute doesn't exist, so create it.
# Launch this module as a separate process to display any output
# it receives.
# Note: It's important to put double quotes around everything in
# case any have embedded space characters.
command = '"%s" "%s" "%s" "%s"' % (sys.executable, # executable
__file__, # argv[0]
os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), # argv[1]
self.name) # argv[2]
#
# Typical command and arg values on receiving end:
# C:Python3python[w].exe # executable
# C:volsFilesPythonLibStack Overflowerrorwindow3k.py # argv[0]
# errorwindow3k_test.py # argv[1]
# stderr # argv[2]
# Execute this script directly as __main__ with a stdin PIPE for sending
# output to it.
try:
# Had to also make stdout and stderr PIPEs too, to work with pythonw.exe
self.pipe = subprocess.Popen(command, bufsize=0,
stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE).stdin
except Exception:
# Output exception info to a file since this module isn't working.
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
msg = ('%r exception in %s
' %
(exc_type.__name__, os.path.basename(__file__)))
with open(EXC_INFO_FILENAME, 'wt') as info:
info.write('fatal error occurred spawning output process')
info.write('exeception info:' + msg)
traceback.print_exc(file=info)
sys.exit('fatal error occurred')
return super(OutputPipe, self).__getattribute__(attr)
def write(self, data):
with self.lock:
data = data.encode() # Must encode for Python 3.
self.pipe.write(data) # First reference to pipe attr will cause an
# OutputPipe process for the stream to be created.
# Clean-up any left-over debugging file.
try:
os.remove(EXC_INFO_FILENAME) # Delete previous file, if any.
except Exception:
pass
# Redirect standard output streams in the process that imported this module.
sys.stderr = OutputPipe('stderr')
sys.stdout = OutputPipe('stdout')
如果您对其工作原理有任何疑问，请随时在评论中提问.
If you have any questions about how it works, feel free to ask in the comments.
这篇关于使用 tkinter 在 GUI 上显示程序的输出?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，WP2