本文介绍了使用 Python 将带有内嵌图像的电子邮件发送到 Gmail的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值
问题描述
我的目标是使用 Python 向具有内嵌图像的 Gmail 用户发送电子邮件.由于图像的敏感性(来自我的工作数据)，无法在线托管此图像然后通过 href 链接到它.
我尝试将 base64 版本编码为 HTML 然后发送的是 HTML，但众所周知这是行不通的.然后我注意到在 Gmail 中，您可以将图像拖放到发送框中，它会在接收端内嵌显示.鉴于此，我然后尝试从 Python 发送一封电子邮件，并将图像作为附件.这在下面的代码中可以看到，但不幸的是图像没有内联显示.
我的问题是:如何发送图像以使其内嵌显示?
导入smtplib从 email.MIMEMultipart 导入 MIMEMultipart从 email.MIMEBase 导入 MIMEBase从 email.MIMEText 导入 MIMEText从电子邮件导入编码器导入操作系统gmail_user = "user1@gmail.com"gmail_pwd = "通过"to = "user2@gmail.com"主题 = "报告"text = "图片报告"附加 = 'TESTING.png'msg = MIMEMultipart()msg['发件人'] = gmail_usermsg['到'] = 到msg['主题'] = 主题msg.attach(MIMEText(text))part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')part.set_payload(open(attach, 'rb').read())Encoders.encode_base64(部分)part.add_header('内容配置','依恋;文件名="%s"' % os.path.basename(attach))msg.attach(部分)邮件服务器 = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587)邮件服务器.elo()邮件服务器.starttls()邮件服务器.elo()mailServer.login(gmail_user, gmail_pwd)mailServer.sendmail(gmail_user, to, msg.as_string())# 应该是mailServer.quit()，但是崩溃了...邮件服务器.close()当我手动将内嵌图片发送给自己时，原始电子邮件"是这样的:
内容类型:多部分/相关；边界=047d7bd761fe73e03304e7e02237--047d7bd761fe73e03304e7e02237内容类型:多部分/替代；边界=047d7bd761fe73e03004e7e02236--047d7bd761fe73e03004e7e02236内容类型:文本/纯文本；字符集=ISO-8859-1[图像:内嵌图像 1]--047d7bd761fe73e03004e7e02236内容类型:文本/html；字符集=ISO-8859-1<div dir="ltr"><img alt="内嵌图像 1" src="cid:ii_141810ee4ae92ac6" height="400" width="534"><br></div>--047d7bd761fe73e03004e7e02236----047d7bd761fe73e03304e7e02237内容类型:图像/png；名称="测试.png"内容传输编码:base64内容 ID:<ii_141810ee4ae92ac6>X 附件 ID:ii_141810ee4ae92ac6当我通过 Python 将它作为附件发送给自己时，情况就大不相同了:
内容类型:多部分/混合；边界="================6881579935569047077=="MIME 版本:1.0(....这里删除了一些东西)--================6881579935569047077==内容类型:文本/纯文本；字符集=us-ascii"MIME 版本:1.0内容传输编码:7 位报告见附件.--================6881579935569047077==内容类型:应用程序/八位字节流MIME 版本:1.0内容传输编码:base64Content-Disposition:附件；文件名=TESTING.png" 解决方案
看来遵循 gmail 电子邮件模板是可行的:
* multipart/alternative- 文字/普通- 多部分/相关+ 文本/html<img src="cid:msgid"/>+ 图像/png内容 ID:基于 email 模块文档:
#!/usr/bin/env python3导入html导入 mimetypesfrom email.headerregistry 导入地址从 email.message 导入 EmailMessage从 email.utils 导入 make_msgid从 pathlib 导入路径title = '图片报告...'path = Path('TESTING.png')me = Address("Pepé Le Pew", *gmail_user.rsplit('@', 1))msg = 电子邮件消息()msg['主题'] = '报告...'msg['来自'] = 我msg['To'] = [我]msg.set_content('[image: {title}]'.format(title=title)) # 文本/纯文本cid = make_msgid()[1:-1] # strip <>msg.add_alternative(#文本/html'<img src="cid:{cid}" alt="{alt}"/>'.format(cid=cid, alt=html.escape(title, quote=True)),子类型='html')maintype, subtype = mimetypes.guess_type(str(path))[0].split('/', 1)msg.get_payload()[1].add_related(#image/pngpath.read_bytes(), maintype, subtype, cid="<{cid}>".format(cid=cid))# 将消息的本地副本保存到磁盘路径('outgoing.msg').write_bytes(bytes(msg))通过 gmail 发送 msg:
导入smtplib导入 ssl使用 smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', timeout=10) 作为 s:s.starttls(context=ssl.create_default_context())s.login(gmail_user, gmail_password)s.send_message(msg)Python 2/3 兼容版本
* multipart/related- 多部分/替代+ 文字/普通+ 文本/html<div dir="ltr"><img src="cid:ii_xyz" alt="..."><br></div>- 图像/jpeg内容 ID:<ii_xyz>#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- 编码:utf-8 -*-导入 cgi导入 uuid导入操作系统从 email.mime.multipart 导入 MIMEMultipart从 email.mime.text 导入 MIMEText从 email.mime.image 导入 MIMEImagefrom email.header 导入标题img = dict(title=u'图片报告...', path=u'TESTING.png', cid=str(uuid.uuid4()))msg = MIMEMultipart('相关')msg['Subject'] = Header(u'Report…', 'utf-8')msg['发件人'] = gmail_usermsg['To'] = ", ".join([to])msg_alternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')msg.attach(msg_alternative)msg_text = MIMEText(u'[image: {title}]'.format(**img), 'plain', 'utf-8')msg_alternative.attach(msg_text)msg_html = MIMEText(u'''<img src="cid:{cid}" alt="{alt}"><br></div>'.format(alt=cgi.escape(img['title'], quote=True), **img),'html', 'utf-8')msg_alternative.attach(msg_html)使用 open(img['path'], 'rb') 作为文件:msg_image = MIMEImage(file.read(), name=os.path.basename(img['path']))msg.attach(msg_image)msg_image.add_header('Content-ID', '<{}>'.format(img['cid']))通过 gmail 发送 msg:
导入ssls = SMTP_SSL('smtp.gmail.com', timeout=10,ssl_kwargs=dict(cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1，# http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pemca_certs='cacert.pem'))s.set_debuglevel(0)尝试:s.login(gmail_user, gmail_pwd)s.sendmail(msg['From'], [to], msg.as_string())最后:退出()SMTP_SSL 是可选的，您可以改用问题中的 starttls 方法:
导入smtplib进口插座导入 ssl导入系统类 SMTP_SSL(smtplib.SMTP_SSL):"""添加对其他 ssl 选项的支持."""def __init__(self, host, port=0, **kwargs):self.ssl_kwargs = kwargs.pop('ssl_kwargs', {})self.ssl_kwargs['keyfile'] = kwargs.pop('keyfile', None)self.ssl_kwargs['certfile'] = kwargs.pop('certfile', None)smtplib.SMTP_SSL.__init__(self, host, port, **kwargs)def _get_socket(self, host, port, timeout):如果 self.debuglevel >0:打印>>sys.stderr, 'connect:', (host, port)new_socket = socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout)new_socket = ssl.wrap_socket(new_socket, **self.ssl_kwargs)self.file = getattr(smtplib, 'SSLFakeFile', lambda x: None)(new_socket)返回 new_socketMy objective is to use Python to send an e-mail to a Gmail user that has an inline image. It is not possible to host this image online and then link to it through a href, due to the sensitive nature of the images (data from my work).
I've tried encoding the base64 version into a HTML then sending th is HTML, but this is well known to not work. I then noticed that in Gmail you can drag and drop an image into the send box and it will show up inline in the receiving end. Given this I then tried to send an e-mail from Python with the image as an attachment. This is seen in the below code, but unfortunately the image doesn't show up inline.
My question is then: How to send the image such that it shows up inline?
import smtplib
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email import Encoders
import os
gmail_user = "user1@gmail.com"
gmail_pwd = "pass"
to = "user2@gmail.com"
subject = "Report"
text = "Picture report"
attach = 'TESTING.png'
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = gmail_user
msg['To'] = to
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg.attach(MIMEText(text))
part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
part.set_payload(open(attach, 'rb').read())
Encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition',
'attachment; filename="%s"' % os.path.basename(attach))
msg.attach(part)
mailServer = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587)
mailServer.ehlo()
mailServer.starttls()
mailServer.ehlo()
mailServer.login(gmail_user, gmail_pwd)
mailServer.sendmail(gmail_user, to, msg.as_string())
# Should be mailServer.quit(), but that crashes...
mailServer.close()
When I send the inline image to myself manually this is what the "original email" looks like:
Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary=047d7bd761fe73e03304e7e02237
--047d7bd761fe73e03304e7e02237
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=047d7bd761fe73e03004e7e02236
--047d7bd761fe73e03004e7e02236
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
[image: Inline images 1]
--047d7bd761fe73e03004e7e02236
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
<div dir="ltr"><img alt="Inline images 1" src="cid:ii_141810ee4ae92ac6" height="400" width="534"><br></div>
--047d7bd761fe73e03004e7e02236--
--047d7bd761fe73e03304e7e02237
Content-Type: image/png; name="Testing.png"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-ID: <ii_141810ee4ae92ac6>
X-Attachment-Id: ii_141810ee4ae92ac6
When I send it to myself through Python as an attachment it is very different:
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===============6881579935569047077=="
MIME-Version: 1.0
(.... some stuff deleted here)
--===============6881579935569047077==
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
See attachment for report.
--===============6881579935569047077==
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="TESTING.png"
解决方案
It seems that following the gmail email template works:
* multipart/alternative
- text/plain
- multipart/related
+ text/html
<img src="cid:msgid"/>
+ image/png
Content-ID: <msgid>
Based on the example from email module docs:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import html
import mimetypes
from email.headerregistry import Address
from email.message import EmailMessage
from email.utils import make_msgid
from pathlib import Path
title = 'Picture report…'
path = Path('TESTING.png')
me = Address("Pepé Le Pew", *gmail_user.rsplit('@', 1))
msg = EmailMessage()
msg['Subject'] = 'Report…'
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = [me]
msg.set_content('[image: {title}]'.format(title=title)) # text/plain
cid = make_msgid()[1:-1] # strip <>
msg.add_alternative( # text/html
'<img src="cid:{cid}" alt="{alt}"/>'
.format(cid=cid, alt=html.escape(title, quote=True)),
subtype='html')
maintype, subtype = mimetypes.guess_type(str(path))[0].split('/', 1)
msg.get_payload()[1].add_related( # image/png
path.read_bytes(), maintype, subtype, cid="<{cid}>".format(cid=cid))
# save to disk a local copy of the message
Path('outgoing.msg').write_bytes(bytes(msg))
To send msg via gmail:
import smtplib
import ssl
with smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', timeout=10) as s:
s.starttls(context=ssl.create_default_context())
s.login(gmail_user, gmail_password)
s.send_message(msg)
Python 2/3 compatible version
* multipart/related
- multipart/alternative
+ text/plain
+ text/html
<div dir="ltr"><img src="cid:ii_xyz" alt="..."><br></div>
- image/jpeg
Content-ID: <ii_xyz>
Based on Send an HTML email with embedded image and plain text alternate:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cgi
import uuid
import os
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.header import Header
img = dict(title=u'Picture report…', path=u'TESTING.png', cid=str(uuid.uuid4()))
msg = MIMEMultipart('related')
msg['Subject'] = Header(u'Report…', 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = gmail_user
msg['To'] = ", ".join([to])
msg_alternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg.attach(msg_alternative)
msg_text = MIMEText(u'[image: {title}]'.format(**img), 'plain', 'utf-8')
msg_alternative.attach(msg_text)
msg_html = MIMEText(u'<div dir="ltr">'
'<img src="cid:{cid}" alt="{alt}"><br></div>'
.format(alt=cgi.escape(img['title'], quote=True), **img),
'html', 'utf-8')
msg_alternative.attach(msg_html)
with open(img['path'], 'rb') as file:
msg_image = MIMEImage(file.read(), name=os.path.basename(img['path']))
msg.attach(msg_image)
msg_image.add_header('Content-ID', '<{}>'.format(img['cid']))
To send msg via gmail:
import ssl
s = SMTP_SSL('smtp.gmail.com', timeout=10,
ssl_kwargs=dict(cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1,
# http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem
ca_certs='cacert.pem'))
s.set_debuglevel(0)
try:
s.login(gmail_user, gmail_pwd)
s.sendmail(msg['From'], [to], msg.as_string())
finally:
s.quit()
SMTP_SSL is optional, you could use starttls method from your question instead:
import smtplib
import socket
import ssl
import sys
class SMTP_SSL(smtplib.SMTP_SSL):
"""Add support for additional ssl options."""
def __init__(self, host, port=0, **kwargs):
self.ssl_kwargs = kwargs.pop('ssl_kwargs', {})
self.ssl_kwargs['keyfile'] = kwargs.pop('keyfile', None)
self.ssl_kwargs['certfile'] = kwargs.pop('certfile', None)
smtplib.SMTP_SSL.__init__(self, host, port, **kwargs)
def _get_socket(self, host, port, timeout):
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print>>sys.stderr, 'connect:', (host, port)
new_socket = socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout)
new_socket = ssl.wrap_socket(new_socket, **self.ssl_kwargs)
self.file = getattr(smtplib, 'SSLFakeFile', lambda x: None)(new_socket)
return new_socket
这篇关于使用 Python 将带有内嵌图像的电子邮件发送到 Gmail的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，WP2